定数截尾试验下双参数指数寿命分布尺度参数的EB估计

本文讨论了在无替换定效截尾试验方案下,当产品寿命为双参数指数分布时,尺度参数(失效率)久的经验Bayes(简记EB)估计问题及其收敛速度。设在给定λ,μ下,产品寿命T服从双参数指数分布,其概率密度为 受试产品有n个,试验中前r个产品依次出现的失效时间为t_(1)≤t_(2)≤……≤t_(r)。令 则(x,y)为(μ,λ)的充分统计量。记(x,y)的联合边缘密度为f(x,y),若取二次损失函数,则λ的Bayes点估计为 利用密度函数及其偏导数的核估计,构造出λ的EB估计为 φ_(1n)(x,y)与φ_(1m)(x,y)的Bayes风险分别为 在一定的正则性条件下,我们证明了 这表明,λ的EB估计的收敛速度q可任意接近于1/2。     

三轴稳定卫星无陀螺姿态确定算法研究

针对三轴稳定卫星进行了正常飞行模式下无陀螺姿态确定算法研究，采用磁强计、地球敏感器和太阳敏感器组合获得姿态数据，利用四元数法和高斯－马尔可夫过程建立了姿态确定估计器算法模型。通过数学仿真证明，此姿态确定算法能够对星体姿态进行较精确的估计或校正，满足卫星控制精度要求。     

Semi-stochastic modification of second-order radial derivative of Abel–Poisson’s formula for validating satellite gravity gradiometry data

The geoid can be used to validate the satellite gravity gradiometry data. Validation of such data is important prior to their downward continuation because of amplification of the data errors through this process. In this paper, the second-order radial derivative of Abel–Poisson’s formula is modified stochastically to reduce the effect of the far-zone geoid and generate the second-order radial derivative of geopotential at 250 km level. The numerical studies over Fennoscandia show that this method yields the gradients with an error of 10 mE and when the long wavelength of geoid is removed from the estimator and restored after the computations (remove–compute–restore) the error will be in 1 mE level. We name this method semi-stochastic modification. The best case scenario is found when the degree of modification of the integral formula is 200 and the long wavelength geoid to degree 100 is removed and restored. In this case the geoid should have a resolution of 15′ × 15′ and the integration should be performed over a cap size of 3°.     

基于极大似然估计器的GNSS矢量跟踪算法

矢量跟踪是一种将全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)接收机的信号跟踪与导航解算融为一体的跟踪算法。传统的基于矢量延迟/频率锁定环(VDFLL)的跟踪算法普遍采用延迟锁定环(DLL)和锁频环(FLL)鉴别器计算伪距和伪距率偏差观测量,由于锁频环鉴别器存在近似误差和一步延迟效应,在高动态环境下容易造成环路失锁。从直接估计卫星信号特征参数的角度出发,基于中频信号模型构建码相位和载波多普勒的极大似然代价函数,采用非迭代估计算法得到各通道码相位和多普勒频移的估计偏差,转换为卡尔曼滤波器的观测矢量,提出一种基于极大似然估计器(MLE)的矢量跟踪算法。理论分析和仿真结果表明:新算法结合了极大似然估计和矢量跟踪的优点,克服了FLL的延迟效应,与基于VDFLL的矢量环路相比,高动态环境下的跟踪稳定性更好,可以对被遮挡的卫星保持持续的跟踪。     

具不确定观测和相关噪声的最优递推滤波

应用正交投影定理,对于噪声相关系统,在观测不确定的情况下,求出了状态向量的卡尔曼滤波公式。在线性最小方差准则下,解决了状态噪声一步相关,相同时刻的测量噪声和状态噪声相关,以及测量噪声和状态噪声在相邻时刻均相关的情况下的滤波问题,并给出了递推滤波公式。仿真算例说明了它们的有效性。     

A novel control method for turboshaft engine with variable rotor speed based on the Ngdot estimator through LQG/LTR and rotor predicted torque feedforward

In order to compensate for the disturbance of wide variation in rotor demanded torque on power turbine speed and realize the fast response control of turboshaft engine during variable rotor speed, a cascade PID control method based on the acceleration estimator of gas turbine speed (Ngdot) and rotor predicted torque feedforward is proposed. Firstly, a two-speed Dual Clutch Transmission (DCT) model is applied in the integrated rotor/turboshaft engine system to achieve variable rotor speed. Then, an online estimation method of Ngdot based on the Linear Quadratic Gaussian with Loop Transfer Recovery (LQG/LTR) is proposed for power turbine speed cascade control. Finally, according to the cascade PID controller based on Ngdot estimator, a rotor demanded torque predicted method based on the Min-batch Gradient Descent-Neural Network (MGD-NN) is put forward to compromise the influence of rotor torque interference. The simulation results show that compared with cascade PID controller based on Ngdot estimator and the one combined with collective pitch feedforward control, the novel control method proposed can reduce the overshoot of power turbine speed by more than 20%, which possesses faster response, superior dynamic effect and satisfactory robustness performance. The control method proposed can realize the fast response control of turboshaft engine with variable rotor speed better.     

基于连续蚁群算法的Bayesian方位估计快速方法

针对蚁群算法(ACO)在解决高维非线性搜索问题方面的有效性,提出了基于蚁群优化算法的Bayesian最大后验概率方位估计(ACO-Bayesian)快速方法.该方法将Bayesian最大后验概率函数作为蚁群算法的目标函数,选取若干一维高斯函数的加权和作为连续蚁群算法中信息量概率分布函数,经过有限次迭代得到Bayesian方法的非线性全局最优解.仿真结果表明,ACO-Bayesian方法在保持Bayesian方法优良性能的同时,将Bayesian方法的计算量减少到原来的1/14.水池实验结果验证了ACO-Bayesian方法的正确性和有效性,为其工程应用奠定了基础.      

基于容积卡尔曼滤波的卫星姿态估计

为了获得更好的估计精度和滤波稳定性,提出了一种基于容积卡尔曼滤波（Cubature Kalman Filter, CKF）的容积四元数估计器（Cubature Quaternion Estimator,CQE）估计卫星姿态。新方法利用四元数进行姿态更新,同时采用广义罗德里格参数表示误差角,有效地避免了滤波过程中的奇异。为克服多传感器融合时运算效率低的问题,通过容积四元数估计器与信息滤波相结合,提出了一种容积信息四元数估计器（Cubature Information Quaternion Estimator,CIQE）。仿真表明角度和陀螺漂移初始估计误差较大时,新方法仍能取得良好的估计性能。     

Improvement of Jahangir＇ s multiple moments estimator

在M.Jahangir以常数为权的组合式矩估计器的基础上,给出一种以函数为权的组合式矩估计器,称为L-J估计器.其中,最优加权函数是根据U估计器与形状参数的单调关系,通过数论网格最优化算法搜索解出.大量仿真实验证实,在对K分布形状参数v大范围的参数估计中,L-J估计器在估计精度上,不但较Jahangir等提出的常数加权组合矩估计器的精度有显著提高,而且可与MLE（Maximum Likelihood Estimator）相当.特别是由于MLE作为渐进无偏估计量,需要充分大的样本长度才能达到最优,这就使得L-J估计器的估计精度可在样本长度较小时优于MLE.此外,L-J估计器无需迭代运算,因而在计算效率上,显著优于现有的ML估计器.